Electricity generation, transmission, and distribution are the backbone of modern energy supply systems.
⭕ Power Generation:
✅ Electricity is generated at a power plant at a relatively low voltage (e.g., 12 kV).
✅ A step-up transformer increases this voltage to a much higher level for efficient long-distance transmission.
⭕ High-Voltage Transmission:
✅ Electricity is transmitted over long distances using high-voltage transmission lines (e.g., 400 kV).
⭕ Step-Down Transformation:
✅ At substations, step-down transformers lower the voltage to levels suitable for distribution (e.g., 132 kV, 66 kV, etc.).
⭕ Distribution to Consumers:
✅ For local distribution, another step-down transformer reduces voltage further (e.g., 13 kV).
✅ Finally, a distribution transformer near homes and businesses lowers it to 240V (or 120V in some countries) for safe usage.
⭕ Voltage Levels for Different Distances:
✅ The table in the image provides a guideline for selecting transmission voltages based on distance:
15 - 30 km: 11 kV
30 - 60 km: 33 kV
60 - 100 km: 66 kV
100 - 200 km: 132 kV
200 - 300 km: 220 kV
300 - 400 km: 400 kV
More than 400 km: 765 kV
⛔ Why Use Higher Voltages for Longer Distances ⁉️
✅ Minimizes power loss: High voltages reduce current, which lowers resistive losses (I²R losses).
✅ Improves efficiency: Smaller current allows the use of thinner conductors, reducing material costs.
✅ Supports bulk power transfer: Higher voltage lines can carry more power over greater distances.
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